Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia and brain swelling. Despite its preventability, measles cases have recently risen in Ontario and Canada, as well as globally.
"In the past year and a half, we have seen a resurgence of measles — but we have the power to stop it," says Dr. Susy Hota, Division Head for Infectious Diseases and Medical Director for Infection Prevention and Control at UHN.
Vaccination remains the most effective way to protect yourself and your community. Read below to learn more about measles and what you can do.
What is measles?
Measles, or rubeola, is a viral illness that often starts with fever, cough, runny nose and red eyes. Around day four, a red blotchy rash appears, starting on the face and spreading downward.
The illness typically lasts 10 to 14 days. It can cause severe complications, especially in babies, pregnant individuals and those with weakened immune systems.
How is measles transmitted?
Measles spreads through tiny airborne particles when an infected person coughs, sneezes or even breathes in shared spaces. These particles can remain infectious in the air for up to two hours.
People infected with measles can be infectious up to four days before they develop the telltale rash. About 90 per cent of unvaccinated individuals who are exposed will become infected, making measles one of the most contagious diseases worldwide.
Can measles kill you? Is it deadly?
Yes, measles can be deadly. While many recover, complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain) and long-term neurological effects can occur. Death is rare in Canada, but vulnerable groups — babies, pregnant individuals and immunocompromised people — are at higher risk.
Is measles itchy?
The hallmark rash of measles is typically blotchy and red, usually starting on the face and spreading downward. While not necessarily itchy like some other rashes, it can be uncomfortable and is a visible warning sign of infection.
What is the treatment for measles?
There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Drinking lots of fluids, avoiding bright lights and treating eyes can alleviate symptoms. The best thing to do is to get vaccinated.
When was the measles vaccine invented?
The initial measles vaccine was introduced in 1963. A safer, more refined version came into use in 1968. Today, the Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) and Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella (MMRV) vaccines are widely used.
Complete vaccination requires two doses of MMR or MMRV vaccine at least four weeks apart. It's recommended that adults who were vaccinated between 1963 and 1968 ask their doctor about receiving a booster.
Is the measles vaccine safe?
Yes, the measles vaccine is safe and highly effective.
Most side effects are minor and short-lived, such as low-grade fever or a mild rash. Rare reactions, such as febrile seizures in children or temporary platelet reduction, occur far less often than complications from measles itself.
When compared to the severity of possible complications of a measles infection — including pneumonia, encephalitis or death — the vaccine's benefits overwhelmingly outweigh the potential risks.
How often does someone need to get vaccinated?
Two doses of the MMR vaccine provide about 98 per cent lifelong protection. Most adults who received both doses as children do not need a booster.
If you're unsure of your vaccination status, check your health records or speak to your health care provider.
What should I do if I think I have measles?
Seek medical attention — but inform the centre in advance that you're coming so they can immediately isolate you.
Conclusion
Measles is preventable — and vaccination is the single most effective way to protect yourself, your child and your community. Wondering where to get vaccinated or check your status?
Visit
Health Canada's Immunization Guide or your local public health agency for vaccine information or to locate clinics, pharmacies or health centres near you.
Don't wait — confirm your vaccination status today and stay protected. Together, we can stop measles.
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